History of Mexican cuisine
The story begins with Mexico's indigenous cultures, particularly the Mayans and Aztecs. Corn (maize) was the cornerstone of their diet, used for tortillas, tamales, and atole (a hot, corn-based beverage). They cultivated beans, squash, chilies (including the fiery habanero!), and a variety of fruits and vegetables that continue to be staples in Mexican cuisine today.
The arrival of the Spanish in the 16th century marked a turning point. They introduced livestock (pork, beef, and chicken), dairy products, new spices (like cinnamon and cloves), and wheat. This fusion of indigenous and European ingredients gave birth to iconic dishes like mole poblano (a complex sauce with chocolate) and cochinita pibil (slow-cooked pork marinated in achiote paste).
Over time, regional variations emerged, influenced by geography and available ingredients. In the Yucatán Peninsula, Mayan influences remain strong, with dishes like cochinita pibil and papadzules (tortillas filled with eggs and pumpkin seeds) taking center stage. Central Mexico, with its rich indigenous heritage, boasts barbacoa (slow-cooked meat) and a variety of complex moles.